一、转换案例

最近有朋友讨论字符串转换double丢失精度的问题案例如下：

本案例来自朋友徐晨亮

root@mysqldb 22:12: [xucl]> show create table t1\G*************************** 1. row *************************** Table: t1Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf81 row in set (0.00 sec)root@mysqldb 22:19: [xucl]> select * from t1;+--------------------+| id |+--------------------+| 204027026112927605 || 204027026112927603 || 2040270261129276 || 2040270261129275 || 100 || 101 |+--------------------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)奇怪的现象：root@mysqldb 22:19: [xucl]> select * from t1 where id=204027026112927603;+--------------------+| id |+--------------------+| 204027026112927605 || 204027026112927603 |+--------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)什么鬼，明明查的是204027026112927603，为什么204027026112927605也出来了

转换在官方文档写的很清楚，这里两边都转换为了double类型进行比较。

二、简单测试

实际上我们可以用一个double类型的字段插入字符串就可以测试这种情况：

mysql> use testmtsReading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> insert into test11 values('1111111111111111111111111111111111');Query OK, 1 row affected (37 min 53.07 sec)mysql> show create table test11;+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Table  | Create Table                                                                           |+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| test11 | CREATE TABLE `test11` (  `n` double DEFAULT NULL) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from test11;+-----------------------+| n                     |+-----------------------+|  9.007199254740991e15 ||  9.007199254740992e15 ||  9.007199254740991e17 || 1.1111111111111112e31 || 1.1111111111111112e31 || 1.1111111111111111e33 || 1.1111111111111111e33 || 1.1111111111111111e33 || 1.1111111111111111e33 || 1.1111111111111111e33 || 1.1111111111111111e33 |+-----------------------+11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到实际上精度已经丢失了。大概16字符到17字符之间，多的可能被忽略掉，字符串丢失精度。郑州不孕不育医院：http://jbk.39.net/yiyuanzaixian/zztjyy/

三、转换函数

这个转换函数几百上千行，没仔细看，太费劲。记录一下栈帧：https://www.jianshu.com/p/fc56f6221728

#0  my_strtod_int (s00=0x7ffedc0065f0 '1' , se=0x7fffec5eb678, error=0x7fffec5eb680, buf=0x7fffec5ea770 "\320\001", buf_size=3680)    at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/strings/dtoa.c:1356#1  0x0000000001ee07c1 in my_strtod (str=0x7ffedc0065f0 '1' , end=0x7fffec5eb678, error=0x7fffec5eb680)    at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/strings/dtoa.c:472#2  0x0000000001ec4eda in my_strntod_8bit (cs=0x2e379e0, str=0x7ffedc0065f0 '1' , length=34, end=0x7fffec5eb678, err=0x7fffec5eb680)    at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/strings/ctype-simple.c:741#3  0x0000000000f4dbae in Field_double::store (this=0x7ffedc9a1390, from=0x7ffedc0065f0 '1' , len=34, cs=0x2e379e0)    at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/field.cc:4825#4  0x0000000000f9bbc7 in Item::save_str_value_in_field (this=0x7ffedc006618, field=0x7ffedc9a1390, result=0x7ffedc006628)    at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/item.cc:561#5  0x0000000000fae204 in Item_string::save_in_field_inner (this=0x7ffedc006618, field=0x7ffedc9a1390, no_conversions=false)    at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/item.cc:6895#6  0x0000000000fad7de in Item::save_in_field (this=0x7ffedc006618, field=0x7ffedc9a1390, no_conversions=false)    at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/item.cc:6752#7  0x0000000001549101 in fill_record (thd=0x7ffedc000b90, table=0x7ffedc9a8650, ptr=0x7ffedc9a1388, values=..., bitmap=0x0, insert_into_fields_bitmap=0x0)    at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_base.cc:9702#8  0x00000000015493e9 in fill_record_n_invoke_before_triggers (thd=0x7ffedc000b90, ptr=0x7ffedc9a1380, values=..., table=0x7ffedc9a8650, event=TRG_EVENT_INSERT,     num_fields=1) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_base.cc:9784#9  0x00000000017fd477 in Sql_cmd_insert::mysql_insert (this=0x7ffedc006d80, thd=0x7ffedc000b90, table_list=0x7ffedc0067c8)    at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_insert.cc:751#10 0x00000000018040ed in Sql_cmd_insert::execute (this=0x7ffedc006d80, thd=0x7ffedc000b90) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_insert.cc:3121#11 0x00000000015cc753 in mysql_execute_command (thd=0x7ffedc000b90, first_level=true) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_parse.cc:3746#12 0x00000000015d2fde in mysql_parse (thd=0x7ffedc000b90, parser_state=0x7fffec5ed600) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_parse.cc:5901#13 0x00000000015c6b72 in dispatch_command (thd=0x7ffedc000b90, com_data=0x7fffec5edd70, command=COM_QUERY)    at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_parse.cc:1490#14 0x00000000015c58ff in do_command (thd=0x7ffedc000b90) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_parse.cc:1021#15 0x000000000170e578 in handle_connection (arg=0x6ab5a00) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/conn_handler/connection_handler_per_thread.cc:312#16 0x0000000001945538 in pfs_spawn_thread (arg=0x697a460) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/storage/perfschema/pfs.cc:2190#17 0x00007ffff7bcfaa1 in start_thread () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0#18 0x00007ffff6b37c4d in clone () from /lib64/libc.so.6

开头案例转换栈帧

#0  my_strtod (str=0x7ffee097a803 "204027026112927605", end=0x7fff009ef778, error=0x7fff009ef784) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/strings/dtoa.c:468#1  0x0000000001ec4eda in my_strntod_8bit (cs=0x2e377a0, str=0x7ffee097a803 "204027026112927605", length=18, end=0x7fff009ef778, err=0x7fff009ef784)    at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/strings/ctype-simple.c:741#2  0x0000000000f5639f in Field_varstring::val_real (this=0x7ffee097ae60) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/field.cc:7663#3  0x0000000000fa2b9d in Item_field::val_real (this=0x7ffee0007180) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/item.cc:2960#4  0x0000000000fc8d3d in Arg_comparator::compare_real (this=0x7ffee0007378) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/item_cmpfunc.cc:1745#5  0x0000000000fde0fc in Arg_comparator::compare (this=0x7ffee0007378) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/item_cmpfunc.h:92#6  0x0000000000fcafb9 in Item_func_eq::val_int (this=0x7ffee00072a0) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/item_cmpfunc.cc:2507#7  0x0000000001581a11 in evaluate_join_record (join=0x7ffee00077b8, qep_tab=0x7ffee0a77520) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_executor.cc:1492#8  0x0000000001581372 in sub_select (join=0x7ffee00077b8, qep_tab=0x7ffee0a77520, end_of_records=false)    at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_executor.cc:1297#9  0x0000000001580be6 in do_select (join=0x7ffee00077b8) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_executor.cc:950#10 0x000000000157eaa2 in JOIN::exec (this=0x7ffee00077b8) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_executor.cc:199#11 0x0000000001620327 in handle_query (thd=0x7ffee0000c00, lex=0x7ffee0003230, result=0x7ffee00074e8, added_options=0, removed_options=0)    at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_select.cc:185#12 0x00000000015d1f77 in execute_sqlcom_select (thd=0x7ffee0000c00, all_tables=0x7ffee0006be0) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_parse.cc:5445#13 0x00000000015ca380 in mysql_execute_command (thd=0x7ffee0000c00, first_level=true) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_parse.cc:2939#14 0x00000000015d2fde in mysql_parse (thd=0x7ffee0000c00, parser_state=0x7fff009f1600) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_parse.cc:5901#15 0x00000000015c6b72 in dispatch_command (thd=0x7ffee0000c00, com_data=0x7fff009f1d70, command=COM_QUERY)    at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_parse.cc:1490#16 0x00000000015c58ff in do_command (thd=0x7ffee0000c00) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/sql_parse.cc:1021#17 0x000000000170e578 in handle_connection (arg=0x3605a30) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/conn_handler/connection_handler_per_thread.cc:312#18 0x0000000001945538 in pfs_spawn_thread (arg=0x36e71c0) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/storage/perfschema/pfs.cc:2190#19 0x00007ffff7bcfaa1 in start_thread () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0#20 0x00007ffff6b37c4d in clone () from /lib64/libc.so.6

四、官方文档关于转换的说明

The following rules describe how conversion occurs for comparison operations: 
• If one or both arguments are NULL, the result of the comparison is NULL, except for the NULL-safe 
<=> equality comparison operator. For NULL <=> NULL, the result is true. No conversion is needed. 
• If both arguments in a comparison operation are strings, they are compared as strings. 
• If both arguments are integers, they are compared as integers. 
• Hexadecimal values are treated as binary strings if not compared to a number. 
• If one of the arguments is a TIMESTAMP or DATETIME column and the other argument is a 
constant, the constant is converted to a timestamp before the comparison is performed. This is 
done to be more ODBC-friendly. This is not done for the arguments to IN(). To be safe, always 
use complete datetime, date, or time strings when doing comparisons. For example, to achieve best 
results when using BETWEEN with date or time values, use CAST() to explicitly convert the values to 
the desired data type. 
A single-row subquery from a table or tables is not considered a constant. For example, if a subquery 
returns an integer to be compared to a DATETIME value, the comparison is done as two integers. 
The integer is not converted to a temporal value. To compare the operands as DATETIME values, 
use CAST() to explicitly convert the subquery value to DATETIME. 
• If one of the arguments is a decimal value, comparison depends on the other argument. The 
arguments are compared as decimal values if the other argument is a decimal or integer value, or as 
floating-point values if the other argument is a floating-point value. 
• In all other cases, the arguments are compared as floating-point (real) numbers.

五、为什么会丢失精度

一般来讲double占用8直接也就是64位其中：

• 1位 符号位

• 11位 指数位

• 52位 尾数位

我们可以看到尾数位才是精度的保证，它的精度实际上没有long int类型高。因此当查过保存的上限将会丢失精度。