局部变量

def discount(price, rate):

final_price = price * rate

return final_price

old_price = float(input('请输入原价：'))    全局变量

rate = float(input('请输入折扣率：'))

new_price = discount(old_price, rate)

print('打折后的价格是：',new_price)

print('打印局部变量final_price的值：'，final_price) 显示为定义的变量，final_price为discount函数中的变量，为局部变量，出了discount就无效了  

在局部变量中定义全局变量

>>> test1 = 5

>>> def change():

test1 = 10

print(test1)

>>> change()

10

>>> test1

5

>>> def change():

global test1

test1 = 10

print(test1)

>>> change()

10

>>> test1

10

内嵌函数

>>> def fun1():

print('fun1正在被调用..')

def fun2():

print('fun2正在被调用...')

fun2()

>>> fun1()        调用fun1()后执行调用fun2()

fun1正在被调用..

fun2正在被调用...

闭包 如果在一个内部函数里，对在外部作用域的变量进行引用

>>> def fun3(x):

def fun4(y):

return x * y

return fun4

>>> fun3(1)

.fun4 at 0x0000000002F549D8>

>>> type(fun3)

>>> fun3(1)(2)

2

>>> def fun1():

x = 5

def fun2():

x *= x

return x

return fun2()

>>> fun1()

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "", line 1, in

    fun1()

  File "", line 6, in fun1

    return fun2()

  File "", line 4, in fun2

    x *= x

UnboundLocalError: local variable 'x' referenced before assignment

>>> def fun1():

x = 5

def fun2():

nonlocal x    强制声明非局部变量

x *= x

return x

return fun2()

>>> fun1()

25