1.编写备份脚本
通过操作系统的命令来实现的备份机制：cp、scp

1.1查询所有的文件所在位置（数据文件，控制文件，参数文件，重做日志文件，密码文件）

SYS@orcl11g> select name from v$datafile
  2  union
  3  select name from v$controlfile
  4  union
  5  select member from v$logfile;

1.2创建备份的路径

	SYS@orcl11g> host mkdir /u01/app/backup
	
1.3通过select语句构建拷贝脚本

	SYS@orcl11g> set trim on  		截取掉不必要的空格
	SYS@orcl11g> set trims on  		每个行的空格
	SYS@orcl11g> set heading off		去掉标题
	SYS@orcl11g> set echo off    		去掉反馈
	SYS@orcl11g> set feedback off	去掉回显
	SYS@orcl11g> set term off    		关闭终端信息

	SYS@orcl11g> spool /home/oracle/cp.sql
	
	SYS@orcl11g>select  'cp '||name||' /u01/app/backup' from v$datafile				
			    	union
				select  'cp ' ||name|| ' /u01/app/backup' from v$controlfile
			    	union
			    	select  'cp '||member||' /u01/app/backup' from v$logfile
	+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
		SYS@orcl11g> select 'cp ' || name || ' /u01/app/backup/' from v$datafile;			--只备份数据文件
	+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
	cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl11g/control02.ctl /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/control01.ctl /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/example01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo01.log /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo02.log /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo03.log /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/system01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/undotbs01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/users01.dbf /home/backup

	[oracle@db253 ~]$ spool off
	[oracle@db253 ~]$ vi cp.sql 
	[oracle@db253 ~]$ cat cp.sql 
	cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl11g/control02.ctl /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/control01.ctl /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/example01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo01.log /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo02.log /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo03.log /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/system01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/undotbs01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/users01.dbf /home/backup

	[oracle@db253 ~]$ chmod +x cp.sql

awk构建命令：
ls -lSr /test | awk '{print "mv " $NF" /tmp/test/t"NR".conf"}' | bash

2.停止数据库
sql> shutdown immediate;

3.拷贝数据文件
[oracle@db253 ~]$ /home/oracle/cp.sql	--执行脚本

4.开启数据库
sql> startup;