mysql互为主从的环境为什么会出现数据不一致
m1：
begin;
update t1 set c2='b1' where c1=2;
commit;
m2:
begin;
update t1 set c2='b2' where c1=2;
commit;
m1和m2同时提交，复制不会报错，但是m1和m2的数据不一致，为什么？
因为sql_thread线程根据主键更新数据，不会校验行数据
如何避免这种问题：
只在单节点进行写入，如 keepalived+双主，MGR，PXC如果多节点写入都有这种问题发生。
例1：
表有主键和自增的情况：
root@localhost [testdb]>show create table t1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`c1` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`c2` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`c1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
| m1: | m2: |
root@localhost [testdb]>select * from t1; +----+------+ | c1 | c2 | +----+------+ | 1 | aaa | | 2 | bbb | | 3 | ccc | | 4 | ccc | | 6 | ddd | | 8 | eee | +----+------+ | root@localhost [testdb]>select * from t1; +----+------+ | c1 | c2 | +----+------+ | 1 | aaa | | 2 | bbb | | 3 | ccc | | 4 | ccc | | 6 | ddd | | 8 | eee | +----+------+ |
| root@localhost [testdb]>begin; | root@localhost [testdb]>begin; |
| root@localhost [testdb]>update t1 set c2='b1' where c1=2; | root@localhost [testdb]>update t1 set c2='b2' where c1=2; |
root@localhost [testdb]>select * from t1; +----+------+ | c1 | c2 | +----+------+ | 1 | aaa | | 2 | b1 | | 3 | ccc | | 4 | ccc | | 6 | ddd | | 8 | eee | +----+------+ | root@localhost [testdb]>select * from t1; +----+------+ | c1 | c2 | +----+------+ | 1 | aaa | | 2 | b2 | | 3 | ccc | | 4 | ccc | | 6 | ddd | | 8 | eee | +----+------+ |
| root@localhost [testdb]>commit; | root@localhost [testdb]>commit; |
root@localhost [testdb]>select * from t1; +----+------+ | c1 | c2 | +----+------+ | 1 | aaa | | 2 | b2 | | 3 | ccc | | 4 | ccc | | 6 | ddd | | 8 | eee | +----+------+ | root@localhost [testdb]>select * from t1; +----+------+ | c1 | c2 | +----+------+ | 1 | aaa | | 2 | b1 | | 3 | ccc | | 4 | ccc | | 6 | ddd | | 8 | eee | +----+------+ |
总结：update一条记录同时提交，有主键的情况下，sql_thread是根据主键匹配行记录，不会校验行数据，所以m1更新了m2中表的记录，m2更新了m1中表的记录。
例2：有没有主键同时更新一行数据的情况：
root@localhost [testdb]>show create table t2\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t2
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t2` (
`c1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`c2` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
| m1 | m2 |
root@localhost [testdb]>select * from t2; +------+------+ | c1 | c2 | +------+------+ | 1 | aaa | | 2 | bbb | +------+------+ | root@localhost [testdb]>select * from t2; +------+------+ | c1 | c2 | +------+------+ | 1 | aaa | | 2 | bbb | +------+------+ |
| root@localhost [testdb]>begin; | root@localhost [testdb]>begin; |
| root@localhost [testdb]>update t2 set c2='b1' where c1=2; | root@localhost [testdb]>update t2 set c2='b2' where c1=2; |
root@localhost [testdb]>select * from t2; +------+------+ | c1 | c2 | +------+------+ | 1 | aaa | | 2 | b1 | +------+------+ | root@localhost [testdb]>select * from t2; +------+------+ | c1 | c2 | +------+------+ | 1 | aaa | | 2 | b2 | +------+------+ |
| root@localhost [testdb]>commit; | root@localhost [testdb]>commit; |
root@localhost [testdb]>select * from t2; +------+------+ | c1 | c2 | +------+------+ | 1 | aaa | | 2 | b1 | +------+------+ | root@localhost [testdb]>select * from t2; +------+------+ | c1 | c2 | +------+------+ | 1 | aaa | | 2 | b2 | +------+------+ |
root@localhost [testdb]>show slave status\G Last_Errno: 1032 Last_Error: Could not execute Update_rows event on table testdb.t2; Can't find record in 't2', Error_code: 1032; handler error HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE; the event's master log mysql-bin.000013, end_log_pos 759 | root@localhost [testdb]>show slave status\G Last_Errno: 1032 Last_Error: Could not execute Update_rows event on table testdb.t2; Can't find record in 't2', Error_code: 1032; handler error HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE; the event's master log mysql-bin.000026, end_log_pos 3064 |
总结：update一条记录同时提交，有没有主键的情况下，sql_thread是根据全表扫描匹配行记录，所以m1更新在m2中找不到需要更新的行，报1032错误，m2更新在m1中找不到需要更新的行，也报1032错误。