一、系统环境
a、系统Centos 6.5 X64位

[root@mytest ~]# uname -a
Linux mytest 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Nov 22 03:15:09 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

mysql 文件包： mysql-5.1.72
b、需要软件
mysql-5.1.72.tar ncurses.tar
二，安装
对下载的包进行解压操作安装：

[root@myser tools]# tar xf mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz
[root@myser alidata]# ls  
mysql-5.1.72  mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz
[root@myser tools]# cd mysql-5.1.72  

[root@myser mysql-5.1.72]# ./configure --prefix=/application/mysql
在安装的这里会报错，提示
checking for termcap functions library... configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
提示缺少curses程序，
[root@myser mysql-5.1.72]# yum install ncurses-devel -y
然后在重新运行上面安装的命令。
[root@myser mysql-5.1.72]# ./configure --prefix=/application/mysql
。。。
。。
/bin/rm: cannot remove `libtoolT': No such file or directory
config.status: executing default commands

Thank you for choosing MySQL!

Remember to check the platform specific part of the reference manual
for hints about installing MySQL on your platform.
Also have a look at the files in the Docs directory.
提示已经安装完成，
现在进行编译
[root@myser mysql-5.1.72]# make &&make install #这步时间会很长
[root@myser support-files]# pwd
/root/alidata/mysql-5.1.72/support-files
[root@myser mysql-5.1.72]# cd support-files/
[root@myser support-files]# cp my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite /etc/my.cnf'? y
[root@myser support-files]# cp mysql.server.sh /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@myser support-files]# mkdir /application/mysql/data #创建mysql数据文件存放目录
[root@myser support-files]# groupadd mysql #创建mysql组
[root@myser support-files]# useradd -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin #创建mysql用户属于mysql组，且不配置家目录并且不登录
[root@myser support-files]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/ #配置data 目录权限

三，对数据库初始化操作
[root@myser support-files]# /application/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql
WARNING: The host 'myser' could not be looked up with resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work
normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work.
This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames
when specifying MySQL privileges !
Installing MySQL system tables...
180102 16:43:02 [Warning] '--skip-locking' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use '--skip-external-locking' instead.
OK
Filling help tables...
180102 16:43:03 [Warning] '--skip-locking' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use '--skip-external-locking' instead.
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/application/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/application/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root -h myser password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/application/mysql//bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /application/mysql/ ; /application/mysql//bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /application/mysql//mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /application/mysql//scripts/mysqlbug script!

[root@myser support-files]# /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe & 启动数据库
[1] 52951
[root@myser support-files]# 180102 16:44:20 mysqld_safe Logging to '/application/mysql/data/myser.err'.
180102 16:44:20 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /application/mysql/data
查看是否启动并检查端口
[root@myser support-files]# netstat -lntpu|grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 53056/mysqld

[root@myser support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld   
[root@myser support-files]# chkconfig mysqld on   
[root@myser support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld 

mysql的结束进程
[root@myser support-files]# pkill mysql

第二种启动mysql
先对mysql文件进行编辑
[root@myser tmp]# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.

basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/application/mysql/data

# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
# for server start.

[root@myser tmp]# vi /etc/profile
PATH="/application/mysql/bin/:$PATH" #添加到文件结尾：
[root@myser tmp]# source /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@myser tmp]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 270: @HOSTNAME@: command not found
/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 279: @HOSTNAME@: command not found
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@myser tmp]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 270: @HOSTNAME@: command not found
/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 279: @HOSTNAME@: command not found
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@myser tmp]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0: LISTEN 1368/sshd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9191 0.0.0.0: LISTEN 1354/procstart