记录下在CentOS 6.9环境安装MySQL 5.6.37的过程，供大家参考。

如果centos7以上的系统：需要卸载  rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 --nodeps

1、准备数据存放的文件系统

新建一个逻辑卷，并将其挂载至特定目录即可。这里不再给出过程。

这里假设其逻辑卷的挂载目录为/data，而后需要创建/data/mysqldata目录做为mysql数据的存放目录。

[root@centos /]# mkdir -p /data/mysqldata

2、新建用户以安全方式运行进程：

[root@centos ~]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M

[root@centos ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata

3、安装并初始化mysql

[root@centos ~]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@centos ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/

[root@centos ~]# cd /usr/local/

[root@centos local]# ln -sv /usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql  #根据实际情况修改

[root@centos local]# cd mysql

[root@centos mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql .

4.为mysql提供主配置文件: #默认初始化后会在/etc下有my.cnf，如有内容删除覆盖即可

配置文件

[root@centos mysql]# yum install libaio* libnuma* -y  #安装依赖

[root@centos mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[client]

#user=mysql #根据实际情况设置用户名

#password=123456

[mysqld]

########basic settings########

server-id = 11

port = 3306

user = mysql

#bind_address = 10.166.224.32 #根据实际情况修改

#autocommit = 0 #5.6.X安装时，需要注释掉，安装完成后再打开

character_set_server=utf8mb4

skip_name_resolve = 1

max_connections = 800

max_connect_errors = 1000

datadir = /data/mysqldata #根据实际情况修改,建议和程序分离存放

transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1

join_buffer_size = 134217728

tmp_table_size = 67108864

tmpdir = /tmp

max_allowed_packet = 16777216

sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER"

interactive_timeout = 1800

wait_timeout = 1800

read_buffer_size = 16777216

read_rnd_buffer_size = 33554432

sort_buffer_size = 33554432

########log settings########

log_error = error.log

slow_query_log = 1

slow_query_log_file = slow.log

log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1

log_slow_admin_statements = 1

log_slow_slave_statements = 1

log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10

expire_logs_days = 90

long_query_time = 2

min_examined_row_limit = 100

########replication settings########

master_info_repository = TABLE

relay_log_info_repository = TABLE

log_bin = bin.log

sync_binlog = 1

gtid_mode = on

enforce_gtid_consistency = 1

log_slave_updates

binlog_format = row

relay_log = relay.log

relay_log_recovery = 1

binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1

slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors

########innodb settings########

innodb_page_size = 8192

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 6G #根据实际情况修改，实验环境需改变大小否则会报错

innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8

innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1

innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1

innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2000

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 5

innodb_io_capacity = 4000

innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000

innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT

innodb_file_format = Barracuda

innodb_file_format_max = Barracuda

innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysqldata #根据实际情况修改

innodb_undo_directory = /data/mysqldata #根据实际情况修改

innodb_undo_logs = 128

innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3

innodb_flush_neighbors = 1

innodb_log_file_size = 4G #根据实际情况修改，实验环境需改小

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216

innodb_purge_threads = 4

innodb_large_prefix = 1

innodb_thread_concurrency = 64

innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1

innodb_strict_mode = 1

innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864

########semi sync replication settings########

plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin #根据实际情况修改

plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"

loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1

loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1

loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000

[mysqld-5.7]

innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40

innodb_page_cleaners = 4

innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1

innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2G

innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128

binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1

log_timestamps=system

transaction_write_set_extraction=MURMUR32

show_compatibility_56=on

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

推荐的my.cnf

[client]

default-character-set = utf8

[mysqld]

datadir=/MYSQLDATA

socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

#Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.

# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,

# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the

# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Sustemd

log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin

server-id=1

max_connections = 5000

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = off

lower_case_table_names = 1

collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci

character-set-server = utf8

binlog_format + ROW

binlog-checksun = NONE

default-time_zone = '+8:00' 

[root@centos mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/

[root@centos mysql]# chown -R root .

5、为mysql提供sysv服务脚本：

[root@centos mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql

[root@centos mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

[root@ccentos mysql]# ldconfig

6、修改PATH环境变量，让系统可以直接使用mysql的相关命令。

[root@centos mysql]# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

[root@centos mysql]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

7、最后启动服务添加开机启动

[root@centos mysql]# service mysqld start

[root@centos mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on

[root@centos mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin

[root@centos bin]# ./mysqladmin -u root password '123456'

[root@centos bin]# mysql -uroot -p123456

附：mysql5.6.37二进制包  https://share.weiyun.com/247aaa9f3784e18cd707040321ec54e4