一、安装MariaDB

1、安装

$ yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server

2、启动MariaDB

$ systemctl start mariadb

3、设置开机启动

$ systemctl enable mariadb

4、配置安全策略

$ mysql_secure_installation
首先设置密码，会提示先输入密码
Enter current password for root (enter for none):<–初次运行直接回车

设置密码
Set root password? [Y/n] <– 是否设置root用户密码，输入y并回车或直接回车
New password: <– 设置root用户的密码
Re-enter new password: <– 再输入一次你设置的密码

其他配置
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <– 是否删除匿名用户，回车
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <–是否禁止root远程登录,回车,
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <– 是否删除test数据库，回车
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <– 是否重新加载权限表，回车

初始化MariaDB完成，接下来测试登录

5、登陆

$ mysql -uroot -p         <– 回车后输入密码

二、配置MariaDB的字符集

1、文件/etc/my.cnf

$ vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]标签下添加

init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci' 
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' 
character-set-server=utf8 
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci 
skip-character-set-client-handshake

2、文件/etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf

$ vim /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf
在[client]中添加

default-character-set=utf8

3、文件/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf

$vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf
在[mysql]中添加

default-character-set=utf8

4、全部配置完成，重启mariadb

systemctl restart mariadb

5、进入MariaDB查看字符集

mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";

+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name               | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client    | utf8                      |
| character_set_connection   | utf8                      |
| character_set_database  | utf8                      |
| character_set_filesystem   | binary                    |
| character_set_results    | utf8                      |
| character_set_server      | utf8                      |
| character_set_system    | utf8                      |
| character_sets_dir      | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value          |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection   | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database  | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server      | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

字符集配置完成。

三、添加用户，设置权限

1、创建用户命令

mysql>create user username@localhost identified by 'password'; 

2、直接创建用户并授权的命令

mysql>grant all on *.* to username@localhost indentified by 'password';

3、授予外网登陆权限

mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to username@'%' identified by 'password';

4、授予权限并且可以授权

mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to username@'hostname' identified by 'password' with grant option;

只授予部分权限
把其中all privileges或者all改为select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file；
多个用逗号。