一、查看字符集

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER                                                                               CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production              0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production                                                    0
CORE    12.1.0.2.0      Production                                                                0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production                                            0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production                                                    0

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

SQL> 

SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;

PARAMETER                      VALUE                              CON_ID
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------
NLS_LANGUAGE                   AMERICAN                                0
NLS_TERRITORY                  AMERICA                                 0
NLS_CURRENCY                   $                                       0
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY               AMERICA                                 0
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS         .,                                      0
NLS_CALENDAR                   GREGORIAN                               0
NLS_DATE_FORMAT                DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS                  0
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE              AMERICAN                                0
NLS_CHARACTERSET               ZHS16GBK                                0
NLS_SORT                       BINARY                                  0
NLS_TIME_FORMAT                HH.MI.SSXFF AM                          0

PARAMETER                      VALUE                              CON_ID
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT           DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM                0
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT             HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR                      0
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT        DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR            0
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY              $                                       0
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET         AL16UTF16                               0
NLS_COMP                       BINARY                                  0
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS           BYTE                                    0
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP            FALSE                                   0

19 rows selected.

SQL> 

SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters;

PARAMETER                      VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
NLS_RDBMS_VERSION              12.1.0.2.0
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP            FALSE
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS           BYTE
NLS_COMP                       BINARY
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY              $
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT        DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT             HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT           DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_FORMAT                HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_SORT                       BINARY
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE              AMERICAN

PARAMETER                      VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
NLS_DATE_FORMAT                DD-MON-RR
NLS_CALENDAR                   GREGORIAN
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS         .,
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET         AL16UTF16
NLS_CHARACTERSET               ZHS16GBK
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY               AMERICA
NLS_CURRENCY                   $
NLS_TERRITORY                  AMERICA
NLS_LANGUAGE                   AMERICAN

20 rows selected.

二、修改字符集

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1778384896 bytes
Fixed Size                  2925408 bytes
Variable Size            1627393184 bytes
Database Buffers          134217728 bytes
Redo Buffers               13848576 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter session set sql_trace=true; 

Session altered.

SQL> alter system enable restricted session; 

System altered.

SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=0; 

System altered.

SQL> alter system set aq_tm_processes=0; 

System altered.

SQL> alter database open; 

Database altered.

SQL>  ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE AL32UTF8;

Database altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup 
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1778384896 bytes
Fixed Size                  2925408 bytes
Variable Size            1627393184 bytes
Database Buffers          134217728 bytes
Redo Buffers               13848576 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters;

PARAMETER                      VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
NLS_RDBMS_VERSION              12.1.0.2.0
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP            FALSE
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS           BYTE
NLS_COMP                       BINARY
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY              $
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT        DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT             HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT           DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_FORMAT                HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_SORT                       BINARY
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE              AMERICAN

PARAMETER                      VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
NLS_DATE_FORMAT                DD-MON-RR
NLS_CALENDAR                   GREGORIAN
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS         .,
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET         AL16UTF16
NLS_CHARACTERSET               AL32UTF8
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY               AMERICA
NLS_CURRENCY                   $
NLS_TERRITORY                  AMERICA
NLS_LANGUAGE                   AMERICAN

20 rows selected.