服务器sqlnet.ora加上
SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION=8

重建下密码，新旧版本兼容问题，或升级oracle client
alter user sys identified by "密码"
服务器重启时，pdb默认不启动
SQL> col name format A10
SQL> select name , open_mode from v$pdbs;

NAME       OPEN_MODE

ORCLPDB    MOUNTED

SQL> alter pluggable database orclpdb open;

插接式数据库已变更。

SQL> select name , open_mode from v$pdbs;

NAME       OPEN_MODE

ORCLPDB    READ WRITE
创建hr实例
SQL> @C:\app\Administrator\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_2\demo\schema\human_res
ources\hr_main.sql

specify password for HR as parameter 1:
Enter value for 1: hr

specify default tablespeace for HR as parameter 2:
Enter value for 2: user

specify temporary tablespace for HR as parameter 3:
Enter value for 3: temp

specify log path as parameter 4:
Enter value for 4: C:\app\Administrator\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_2\log

alter session set container=ORCLPDB;
SQL> select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;

CON_ID       DBID GUID                                     NAME       OPEN_MODE

########## ########## 5A872545AC274801A748D0A39B5F513A         PDB$SEED   READ ONLY
########## ########## 707A628103304A948B8250B57DDE09FD         ORCLPDB    MOUNTED

SQL> alter session set container=ORCLPDB
2  ;

会话已更改。

SQL> startup
插接式数据库已打开。
SQL> select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;

CON_ID       DBID GUID                                     NAME       OPEN_MODE                                     ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ----------

########## ########## 707A628103304A948B8250B57DDE09FD         ORCLPDB    READ WRITE
SQL> alter pluggable database close
2  ;

插接式数据库已变更。

SQL> select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;

CON_ID       DBID GUID                                     NAME       OPEN_MODE                                     ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ----------

########## ########## 707A628103304A948B8250B57DDE09FD         ORCLPDB    MOUNTED

SQL> alter pluggable database open read only
2  ;

插接式数据库已变更。

SQL> select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;

CON_ID       DBID GUID                                     NAME       OPEN_MODE                                     ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ----------

########## ########## 707A628103304A948B8250B57DDE09FD         ORCLPDB    READ ONLY

SQL> alter pluggable database open read write;
alter pluggable database open read write
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-65019: 可插入数据库 ORCLPDB 已打开

SQL> alter pluggable database close;

插接式数据库已变更。

SQL> alter pluggable database open read write;

插接式数据库已变更。

SQL> select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;                                                          
CON_ID       DBID GUID                                     NAME       OPEN_MODE

########## ########## 707A628103304A948B8250B57DDE09FD         ORCLPDB    READ WRITE
SQL> alter pluggable database open read write RESTRICTED;

插接式数据库已变更。

SQL> select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;

CON_ID       DBID GUID                                     NAME       OPEN_MODE

########## ########## 707A628103304A948B8250B57DDE09FD         ORCLPDB    READ WRITE