报错
SYS@orcl> alter table test rename to sys.test_bak;
alter table test rename to sys.test_bak
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-14047: ALTER TABLE|INDEX RENAME may not be combined with other operations

要这样操作，不要带目标表的schema
SYS@orcl> alter table test rename to test_bak;

Table altered.

原因
The operation is regarded as a combined operation as indicated by the full error message description:

$ oerr ora 14047
14047, 00000, "ALTER TABLE|INDEX RENAME may not be combined with other operations"
// Cause: ALTER TABLE or ALTER INDEX statement attempted to combine
// a RENAME operation with some other operation which is illegal
// Action: Ensure that RENAME operation is the sole operation specified in
// ALTER TABLE or ALTER INDEX statement;

The combination of actions appear to be:

the actual table rename
specifiying the schema name of the target

文档号
ORA-14047: ALTER TABLE | INDEX RENAME May Not Be Combined With Other Operations (文档 ID 400398.1)