10g

1、创建test用户相关信息
create directory dump_dir as '/home/oracle';
grant read,write on directory dump_dir to test;
grant exp_full_database to test;
2、导出test下面的相关信息
expdp test/test dumpfile=t.dmp

12c
create user test identified by test;
grant connect, resource to test;
grant exp_full_database to test;
grant imp_full_database to test;
GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO test; 没有分配这一项，报错，相关信息如下。

我的导入：
impdp test/test directory=dump_dir dumpfile=t.dmp ;

Import: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Mon Apr 22 16:34:54 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
ORA-31626: job does not exist
ORA-31633: unable to create master table "TEST.SYS_IMPORT_FULL_05"
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_ERROR", line 95
ORA-06512: at "SYS.KUPV$FT", line 1048
ORA-01950: no privileges on tablespace 'USERS'

sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Mon Apr 22 16:37:56 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL> GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO test;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
impdp test/test directory=dump_dir dumpfile=t.dmp ;

Import: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Mon Apr 22 16:38:14 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
Master table "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": test/**** directory=dump_dir dumpfile=t.dmp
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
ORA-31684: Object type USER:"TEST" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "TEST"."TEST" 5.554 KB 24 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/VIEW/VIEW
Job "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" completed with 1 error(s) at Mon Apr 22 16:38:33 2019 elapsed 0 00:00:14

字符集问题：

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

select userenv('language') from dual;和新echo $LANG都一致但是导入还是有中文乱码，经过查询查找，发现源端设置了export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK，目标端没有设置，目标端设置以后，导入没有乱码了。

附录：
create user test identified by test;
grant connect, resource to test;
grant exp_full_database to test;
grant imp_full_database to test;
create directory dump_dir as '/home/oracle';
grant read,write on directory dump_dir to test;
GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO test;