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原文链接地址：「docker实战篇」python的docker-抖音web端数据抓取（19）

抖音抓取实战，为什么没有抓取数据？例如：有个互联网的电商生鲜公司，这个公司老板想在一些流量上投放广告，通过增加公司产品曝光率的方式，进行营销，在投放的选择上他发现了抖音，抖音拥有很大的数据流量，尝试的想在抖音上投放广告，看看是否利润和效果有收益。他们分析抖音的数据，分析抖音的用户画像，判断用户的群体和公司的匹配度，需要抖音的粉丝数，点赞数，关注数，昵称。通过用户喜好将公司的产品融入到视频中，更好的推广公司的产品。一些公关公司通过这些数据可以找到网红黑马，进行营销包装。源码：https://github.com/limingios/dockerpython.git （douyin）

抖音分享页面

• 介绍

  https://www.douyin.com/share/user/用户ID，用户ID通过源码中的txt中获取，然后通过链接的方式就可以打开对应的web端页面。然后通过web端页面。爬取基本的信息。

• 安装谷歌xpath helper工具

  源码中获取crx

谷歌浏览器输入：chrome://extensions/

直接将xpath-helper.crx 拖入界面chrome://extensions/

安装成功后

快捷键 ctrl+shift+x 启动xpath，一般都是谷歌的f12 开发者工具配合使用。

开始python 爬取抖音分享的网站数据

分析分享页面https://www.douyin.com/share/user/76055758243

1.抖音做了反派机制，抖音ID中的数字变成了字符串，进行替换。

{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':0},
        {'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':1},
        {'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':2},
        {'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':3},
        {'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':4},
        {'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':5},
        {'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':6},
        {'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':7},
        {'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':8},
        {'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':9},

2.获取需要的节点的的xpath

# 昵称
//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info1']//p[@class='nickname']/text()

#抖音ID
//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info1']//p[@class='nickname']/text()

#工作
//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/div[@class='verify-info']/span[@class='info']/text()

#描述
//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='signature']/text()

#地址
//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='extra-info']/span[1]/text()

#星座
//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='extra-info']/span[2]/text()

#关注数
//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='follow-info']//span[@class='focus block']//i[@class='icon iconfont follow-num']/text()

#粉丝数
//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='follow-info']//span[@class='follower block']//i[@class='icon iconfont follow-num']/text()

#赞数
//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='follow-info']//span[@class='follower block']/span[@class='num']/text()

• 完整代码

  
  import re
  import requests
  import time
  from lxml import etree

def handle_decode(input_data,share_web_url,task):
search_douyin_str = re.compile(r'抖音ID：')
regex_list = [
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':0},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':1},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':2},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':3},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':4},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':5},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':6},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':7},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':8},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':9},
]

for i1 in regex_list:
    for i2 in i1['name']:
        input_data = re.sub(i2,str(i1['value']),input_data)
share_web_html = etree.HTML(input_data)
douyin_info = {}
douyin_info['nick_name'] = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info1']//p[@class='nickname']/text()")[0]
douyin_id = ''.join(share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info1']/p[@class='shortid']/i/text()"))
douyin_info['douyin_id'] = re.sub(search_douyin_str,'',share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info1']//p[@class='nickname']/text()")[0]).strip() + douyin_id

try:
    douyin_info['job'] = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/div[@class='verify-info']/span[@class='info']/text()")[0].strip()
except:
    pass
douyin_info['describe'] = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='signature']/text()")[0].replace('\n',',')
douyin_info['location'] = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='extra-info']/span[1]/text()")[0]
douyin_info['xingzuo'] = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='extra-info']/span[2]/text()")[0]
douyin_info['follow_count'] = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='follow-info']//span[@class='focus block']//i[@class='icon iconfont follow-num']/text()")[0].strip()
fans_value = ''.join(share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='follow-info']//span[@class='follower block']//i[@class='icon iconfont follow-num']/text()"))
unit = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='follow-info']//span[@class='follower block']/span[@class='num']/text()")
if unit[-1].strip() == 'w':
    douyin_info['fans'] = str((int(fans_value)/10))+'w'
like = ''.join(share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='follow-info']//span[@class='liked-num block']//i[@class='icon iconfont follow-num']/text()"))
unit = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='follow-info']//span[@class='liked-num block']/span[@class='num']/text()")
if unit[-1].strip() == 'w':
    douyin_info['like'] = str(int(like)/10)+'w'
douyin_info['from_url'] = share_web_url

print(douyin_info)

def handle_douyin_web_share(share_id):
share_web_url = 'https://www.douyin.com/share/user/'+share_id
print(share_web_url)
share_web_header = {
'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.75 Safari/537.36'
}
share_web_response = requests.get(url=share_web_url,headers=share_web_header)
handle_decode(share_web_response.text,share_web_url,share_id)

if name == 'main':
while True:
share_id = "76055758243"
if share_id == None:
print('当前处理task为:%s'%share_id)
break
else:
print('当前处理task为:%s'%share_id)
handle_douyin_web_share(share_id)
time.sleep(2)

![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/11223715-651b910cb91c1c8d.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)

#### mongodb
>通过vagrant 生成虚拟机创建mongodb，具体查看
「docker实战篇」python的docker爬虫技术-python脚本app抓取（13）

``` bash
su -
#密码：vagrant
docker

>https://hub.docker.com/r/bitnami/mongodb
>默认端口：27017
``` bash
docker pull bitnami/mongodb:latest
mkdir bitnami
cd bitnami
mkdir mongodb
docker run -d -v /path/to/mongodb-persistence:/root/bitnami -p 27017:27017 bitnami/mongodb:latest

#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld

• 操作mongodb

  读txt文件获取userId的编号。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2019/1/30 19:35
# @Author  : Aries
# @Site    : 
# @File    : handle_mongo.py.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import pymongo
from pymongo.collection import Collection

client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='192.168.66.100',port=27017)
db = client['douyin']

def handle_init_task():
    task_id_collections = Collection(db, 'task_id')
    with open('douyin_hot_id.txt','r') as f:
        f_read = f.readlines()
        for i in f_read:
            task_info = {}
            task_info['share_id'] = i.replace('\n','')
            task_id_collections.insert(task_info)

def handle_get_task():
    task_id_collections = Collection(db, 'task_id')
    # return task_id_collections.find_one({})
    return task_id_collections.find_one_and_delete({})

#handle_init_task()

• 修改python程序调用

  
  import re
  import requests
  import time
  from lxml import etree
  from handle_mongo import handle_get_task
  from handle_mongo import handle_insert_douyin

def handle_decode(input_data,share_web_url,task):
search_douyin_str = re.compile(r'抖音ID：')
regex_list = [
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':0},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':1},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':2},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':3},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':4},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':5},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':6},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':7},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':8},
{'name':['  ','  ','  '],'value':9},
]

for i1 in regex_list:
    for i2 in i1['name']:
        input_data = re.sub(i2,str(i1['value']),input_data)
share_web_html = etree.HTML(input_data)
douyin_info = {}
douyin_info['nick_name'] = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info1']//p[@class='nickname']/text()")[0]
douyin_id = ''.join(share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info1']/p[@class='shortid']/i/text()"))
douyin_info['douyin_id'] = re.sub(search_douyin_str,'',share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info1']//p[@class='nickname']/text()")[0]).strip() + douyin_id

try:
    douyin_info['job'] = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/div[@class='verify-info']/span[@class='info']/text()")[0].strip()
except:
    pass
douyin_info['describe'] = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='signature']/text()")[0].replace('\n',',')
douyin_info['location'] = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='extra-info']/span[1]/text()")[0]
douyin_info['xingzuo'] = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='extra-info']/span[2]/text()")[0]
douyin_info['follow_count'] = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='follow-info']//span[@class='focus block']//i[@class='icon iconfont follow-num']/text()")[0].strip()
fans_value = ''.join(share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='follow-info']//span[@class='follower block']//i[@class='icon iconfont follow-num']/text()"))
unit = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='follow-info']//span[@class='follower block']/span[@class='num']/text()")
if unit[-1].strip() == 'w':
    douyin_info['fans'] = str((int(fans_value)/10))+'w'
like = ''.join(share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='follow-info']//span[@class='liked-num block']//i[@class='icon iconfont follow-num']/text()"))
unit = share_web_html.xpath("//div[@class='personal-card']/div[@class='info2']/p[@class='follow-info']//span[@class='liked-num block']/span[@class='num']/text()")
if unit[-1].strip() == 'w':
    douyin_info['like'] = str(int(like)/10)+'w'
douyin_info['from_url'] = share_web_url

print(douyin_info)
handle_insert_douyin(douyin_info)

def handle_douyin_web_share(task):
share_web_url = 'https://www.douyin.com/share/user/'+task["share_id"]
print(share_web_url)
share_web_header = {
'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.75 Safari/537.36'
}
share_web_response = requests.get(url=share_web_url,headers=share_web_header)
handle_decode(share_web_response.text,share_web_url,task["share_id"])

if name == 'main':
while True:
task=handle_get_task()
handle_douyin_web_share(task)
time.sleep(2)

* mongodb字段
>handle_init_task 是将txt存入mongodb中
>handle_get_task 查出来一条然后删除一条，因为txt是存在的，所以删除根本没有关系

``` python
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2019/1/30 19:35
# @Author  : Aries
# @Site    : 
# @File    : handle_mongo.py.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import pymongo
from pymongo.collection import Collection

client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='192.168.66.100',port=27017)
db = client['douyin']

def handle_init_task():
    task_id_collections = Collection(db, 'task_id')
    with open('douyin_hot_id.txt','r') as f:
        f_read = f.readlines()
        for i in f_read:
            task_info = {}
            task_info['share_id'] = i.replace('\n','')
            task_id_collections.insert(task_info)

def handle_insert_douyin(douyin_info):
    task_id_collections = Collection(db, 'douyin_info')
    task_id_collections.insert(douyin_info)

def handle_get_task():
    task_id_collections = Collection(db, 'task_id')
    # return task_id_collections.find_one({})
    return task_id_collections.find_one_and_delete({})

handle_init_task()

PS：text文本中的数据1000条根本不够爬太少了，实际上是app端和pc端配合来进行爬取的，pc端负责初始化的数据，通过userID获取到粉丝列表然后在不停的循环来进行爬取，这样是不是就可以获取到很大量的数据。