命名访问控制列表详解
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2023-03-30 10:21:08
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命名访问控制列表
本章目标：通过实验学会命名访问控制列表，添加访问控制，删除访问控制
实验图：
4台主机，一个二层交换机，一个三层交换机
sw1:划分VLAN,给VLAN配置接口，做trunk链路
sw2:划分vlan,通过接口给vlan配置虚拟地址，做trunk链路，做命名访问控制
，关闭交换端口变成三层端口。
pc1:192.168.10.10/24
pc2:192.168.10.20/24
pc3:192.168.20.20/24
pc4:192.168.100.100/24
一.给二层交换机配置VLAN,给vlan配置接口,做trunk链路
sw1#conf t
sw1(config)#vlan 10,20
sw1(config-vlan)#do show vlan-sw b //查看vlan详细信息
sw1(config-vlan)#ex
sw1(config)#do show vlan-sw b
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa1/0, Fa1/1, Fa1/2, Fa1/3
Fa1/4, Fa1/5, Fa1/6, Fa1/7
Fa1/8, Fa1/9, Fa1/10, Fa1/11
Fa1/12, Fa1/13, Fa1/14, Fa1/15
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
sw1(config)#int range fa1/1 -2
sw1(config-if-range)#sw mo acc //进入接口模式
sw1(config-if-range)#sw acc vlan 10 //配置vlan
sw1(config-if-range)#ex
sw1(config)#do show vlan-sw b
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa1/0, Fa1/3, Fa1/4, Fa1/5
Fa1/6, Fa1/7, Fa1/8, Fa1/9
Fa1/10, Fa1/11, Fa1/12, Fa1/13
Fa1/14, Fa1/15
10 VLAN0010 active Fa1/1, Fa1/2
20 VLAN0020 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
sw1(config)#int f1/3
sw1(config-if)#sw mo acc
sw1(config-if)#sw acc vlan 20
sw1(config-if)#ex
sw1(config)#do show vlan-sw b
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa1/0, Fa1/4, Fa1/5, Fa1/6
Fa1/7, Fa1/8, Fa1/9, Fa1/10
Fa1/11, Fa1/12, Fa1/13, Fa1/14
Fa1/15
10 VLAN0010 active Fa1/1, Fa1/2
20 VLAN0020 active Fa1/3
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
sw1(config)#int f1/0
sw1(config-if)#sw mo t
sw1(config-if)#sw t en dot
sw1(config-if)#ex
sw1(config)#no ip routing //关闭路由功能二.进入三层交换机，划分vlan,通过接口给vlan配置虚拟网址（需要关闭交换端口）,配置trunk链路
sw2#conf t
sw2(config)#int f1/1
sw2(config-if)#no switchport //关闭交换端口
sw2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0
sw2(config-if)#no shut
sw2(config-if)#do show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
FastEthernet1/0 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet1/1 192.168.100.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/2 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/3 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/4 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/5 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/6 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/7 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/8 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/9 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/10 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/11 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/12 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/13 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/14 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/15 unassigned YES unset up down
Vlan1 unassigned YES unset up up
sw2(config-if)#ex
sw2(config)#vlan 10,20
sw2(config-vlan)#ex
sw2(config)#int vlan 10
sw2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
sw2(config-if)#no shut
sw2(config-if)#ex
sw2(config)#int vlan 20
sw2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
sw2(config-if)#no shut
sw2(config-if)#ex
sw2(config)#do show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
FastEthernet1/0 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet1/1 192.168.100.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/2 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/3 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/4 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/5 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/6 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/7 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/8 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/9 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/10 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/11 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/12 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/13 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/14 unassigned YES unset up down
FastEthernet1/15 unassigned YES unset up down
Vlan1 unassigned YES unset up up
Vlan10 192.168.10.1 YES manual up down
Vlan20 192.168.20.1 YES manual up down
sw2(config)#int f1/0
sw2(config-if)#sw mo t
sw2(config-if)#sw t en dot
sw2(config-if)#ex三.给每个主机配置IP地址和网关
PC4>
PC4> ip 192.168.100.100 192.168.100.1
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.100.100 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.100.1
PC1> ip 192.168.10.10 192.168.10.1
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.10.10 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1
PC2>
PC2> ip 192.168.10.20 192.168.10.1
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.10.20 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1
PC3> ip 192.168.20.20 192.168.20.1
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.20.20 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.20.1四.测试是不是全网互通
PC1> ping 192.168.100.100
168.100.100 icmp_seq=1 timeout
bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=14.997 ms
bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=15.984 ms
bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=16.953 ms
bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=20.978 ms
PC1> ping 192.168.10.20
bytes from 192.168.10.20 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.000 ms
bytes from 192.168.10.20 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.000 ms
bytes from 192.168.10.20 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.979 ms
bytes from 192.168.10.20 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.000 ms
PC1> ping 192.168.20.20
168.20.20 icmp_seq=1 timeout
bytes from 192.168.20.20 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=14.960 ms
bytes from 192.168.20.20 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=18.941 ms
bytes from 192.168.20.20 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=15.956 ms
bytes from 192.168.20.20 icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=19.973 ms五.进入三层交换机配置命名访问控制列表
sw2(config)#ip access-list standard kgc //进入标准访问控制，命名叫kgc
sw2(config-std-nacl)#permit host 192.168.10.10 //允许10.10主机访问
sw2(config-std-nacl)#deny 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 //拒绝10.0网段主机访问
sw2(config-std-nacl)#permit any //允许所有主机访问
sw2(config-std-nacl)#ex
sw2(config)#do show access-lists //查看访问控制列表
Standard IP access list kgc
10 permit 192.168.10.10
20 deny 192.168.10.0, wildcard bits 0.0.0.255
30 permit any
sw2(config)#int f1/1
sw2(config-if)#ip access-group kgc out //应用于接口，离限制最近的，如果我要设置为入，我需要设置三次，出就要一次就够了
sw2(config-if)#ex六.测试我们实验的需求是否生效
PC1> ping 192.168.100.100
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=18.941 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=15.408 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=12.003 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=20.997 ms
PC3> ping 192.168.100.100
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=20.942 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=14.992 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=13.963 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=14.925 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=21.940 ms
PC2> ping 192.168.100.100
*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=8.972 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)
*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=10.971 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)
*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=5.987 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)
*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=10.969 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)
*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=2.998 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)七.我们再加一条需求，我们有允许10.20主机可以去访问
sw2(config)#ip access-list standard kgc
sw2(config-std-nacl)#12 permit host 192.168.10.20 //我们只能写10的上面或者10-20之间，我们要写到20下面就没有任何意义，
已经拒绝10.0网段的了再写10.20无意义。
sw2(config-std-nacl)#ex
sw2(config)#do show access-lists
Standard IP access list kgc
10 permit 192.168.10.10 (8 matches)
12 permit 192.168.10.20
20 deny 192.168.10.0, wildcard bits 0.0.0.255 (10 matches)
30 permit any (5 matches)八.来测试PC2,10.20能不能访问pc4主机
PC2> ping 192.168.100.100
192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=1 timeout
192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=2 timeout
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=20.970 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=17.950 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=18.008 ms
九.删除访问控制列表的一条，如果要删除整租ACL，no ip access-ist stand kgc
sw2(config)#ip access-list standard kgc
sw2(config-std-nacl)#no 12
sw2(config-std-nacl)#do show access-lists
Standard IP access list kgc
10 permit 192.168.10.10 (8 matches)
20 deny 192.168.10.0, wildcard bits 0.0.0.255 (10 matches)
30 permit any (5 matches)sw2(config)#no ip access-list standard kgc
sw2(config)#do show access-lists
sw2(config)#本章内容结束，谢谢收看
下一篇：k8s之helm
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