一、下载mysql
             最简单方法，直接输入命令：sudo apt-get install mysql-server。装完已经自动配置好环境变量，可以直接使用mysql的命令。
            下载安装过程中会提示输入用户名和密码，非常easy!

　　  注：建议将/etc/apt/source.list中的cn改成us，美国的服务器比中国的快很多。

二、配置mysql
      1、启动mysql
      2、在mydql>中输入：show variables like 'character%';  查看编码

    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

    3、设置为utf8mb4编码（生产上多用次编码）
         a、 控制台命令：locate my.cnf   查找mysql配置文件：my.cnf
         b、 编辑 my.cnf 文件如下（红色为本人改动）：

[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4

# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram

# This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed.
[mysqld_safe]
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice            = 0

[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user            = mysql
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port            = 3306
basedir         = /usr
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir          = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address            = 0.0.0.0
"/etc/mysql/my.cnf" [readonly] 132L, 3675C   

        4、重启mysql(非常重要)
        5、测试配置
          在mydql>中输入：show variables like 'character%';  查看编码应该如下：

          +--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

四、修改Xshell编码
        1、修改连接编码
              xshell中选中要连接的会话=>右击选“属性”=>类别选“终端”=>编码下拉选“unicodeutf-8”=>确定
        2、修改Xshell工具栏上“编码”按钮，选择“utf8”
五、修改ubuntu编码
       1、查看服务器编码，命令行输入：locale

LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh
LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC=zh_CN
LC_TIME=zh_CN
LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY=zh_CN
LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER=zh_CN
LC_NAME=zh_CN
LC_ADDRESS=zh_CN
LC_TELEPHONE=zh_CN
LC_MEASUREMENT=zh_CN
LC_IDENTIFICATION=zh_CN
LC_ALL=

        2、修改服务器编码
             a、使用管理员权限进入/etc/default/
             b、使用vi编辑文件:locale  如下：

            LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
            LANGUAGE="en_US:"
            ~                                                                                                                                                                                  
            ~  

         3、重启服务器（虚拟机）
         4、再次查看服务器编码、命令行输入：locale

LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en_US:
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

                   全部设置为utf-8 成功。
        通过以上五部设置，所有编码都设置为统一utf8，就可以再Xshell中输入中文，mysql中也可以输入中文，全部搞定！