1、场景

1）用户输入完网址后，浏览器直接弹出需要输入用户名/密码

PS：此时输入用户名密码即可登录，或者直接带着用户名密码访问网站。

假设url为http://xxx.yyy.zzz

用户名为admin

密码为123456

则访问的网址应该为http://admin:123456@xxx.yyy.zzz【http://username:password@url】

直接访问改网址即可

2）利用requests.get(url)返回状态码为401

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-
import requests
if __name__ == '__main__':
  url = 'http://xxxxx.yyyyyy'
  response = requests.get(url=url)
  status_code = response.status_code
  print status_code
  text = response.text
  print text

运行

401








Server Error

 

 
401 - Unauthorized: Access is denied due to invalid credentials.
 
You do not have permission to view this directory or page using the credentials that you supplied.
 

2、HTTP基础验证

这是一种简单的身份认证，它是通过http的authorization请求头中，携带经过base64加密的用户名和密码而实现的一种认证

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
if __name__ == '__main__':
  url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'
  user = 'admin'
  password = '123456'
  response = requests.get(url=url, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(user, password))
  # 或者
  # response = requests.get(url=url, auth=(user, password))
  print response.status_code

3、摘要式身份认证

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth

if __name__ == '__main__':
  url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'
  user = 'admin'
  password = '123456'
  response = requests.get(url, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(user, password))
  print response.status_code

如果2和3都不行，还是返回401，此时可以试试第4种

使用2和3依旧返回401,此时可以print出response.headers看一下

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth

if __name__ == '__main__':
  url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'
  user = 'admin'
  password = '123456'
  response = requests.get(url, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(user, password))
  print response.status_code
  print response.headers

运行

401
{'Content-Length': '1293', 'X-Powered-By': 'ASP.NET', 'Server': 'Microsoft-IIS/7.5', 'Date': 'Fri, 05 Jun 2020 05:36:23 GMT', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'WWW-Authenticate': 'Negotiate, NTLM'}

打印后可看到headers中带有字样'WWW-Authenticate': 'Negotiate, NTLM'，表示需要ntlm验证，此时尝试使用第4种[/code]

4、ntlm验证

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-
import requests
from requests_ntlm import HttpNtlmAuth
if __name__ == '__main__':
  url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'
  user = 'admin'
  password = '123456'
  response = requests.get(url, auth=HttpNtlmAuth(user, password))
  print response.status_code
  print response.headers