1. httpd实现用户访问控制：
   (1)定义安全域
   基于单个用户进行控制:

   
       Options None
       AllowOverride None
       AuthType Basic
       AuthName "String"
       AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd/conf/.httpdpasswd"
       AuthGroupFile "/etc/httpd/conf/.grp"
   
      Require ip 172.20
      Require user ops1
   
   

   基于用户组进行控制:

   
   Options None
   AllowOverride None
   AuthType Basic
   AuthName "String"
   AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd/conf/.httpdpasswd"
   AuthGroupFile "/etc/httpd/conf/.grp"
   
      Require ip 172.20
      Require  group ops
   
    

(2)提供账号和密码存储（文本文件）
使用专用命令完成此类文件的创建及用户管理

htpasswd  [options]   /PATH/TO/HTTPD_PASSWD_FILE  username 
    -c：自动创建此处指定的文件，因此，仅应该在此文件不存在时使用；
    -m：md5格式加密
    -s: sha格式加密
    -D：删除指定用户
    -b：批模式添加用户 

[root@localhost conf]# htpasswd -bc  /etc/httpd/conf/.httppasswd ops1 123456
Adding password for user ops1
[root@localhost conf]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/.grp
ops:ops1 ops2

(3)重启测试:
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

2.虚拟主机的配置
(1)基于IP地址的虚拟主机

[root@localhost /]# mkdir /data/html/{a,b} -pv
mkdir: created directory ‘/data/html’
mkdir: created directory ‘/data/html/a’
mkdir: created directory ‘/data/html/b’
[root@localhost /]# vim /data/html/a/index.html
hello a
[root@localhost /]# vim /data/html/b/index.html
hello b
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim vhost_ip.conf 

    ServerName www.a.com
    DocumentRoot "/data/html/a/"
    
        Options None
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
    


    ServerName www.b.com
    DocumentRoot "/data/html/b/"
    
        Options None
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
    

(2)基于端口的虚拟主机:

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim vhost_ip.conf 
Listen 8080

    ServerName www.a.com
    DocumentRoot "/data/html/a/"
    
        Options None
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
    


    ServerName www.b.com
    DocumentRoot "/data/html/b/"
    
        Options None
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
    

(3)基于FQDN的虚拟主机:

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim vhost_ip.conf 

    ServerName www.a.com
    DocumentRoot "/data/html/a/"
    
        Options None
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
    


    ServerName www.b.com
    DocumentRoot "/data/html/b/"
    
        Options None
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
    

注意：如果是httpd-2.2，则使用基于FQDN的虚拟主机时，需要事先使用如下指令：NameVirtualHost IP:PORT

3.实现https
[root@localhost conf.d]# yum install -y mod_ssl
(1)构建私有CA:

生成私钥；
~]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem 4096)
生成自签证书；
~]# openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem -days 3655
-new：生成新证书签署请求；
-x509：生成自签格式证书，专用于创建私有CA时；
-key：生成请求时用到的私有文件路径；
-out：生成的请求文件路径；如果自签操作将直接生成签署过的证书；
-days：证书的有效时长，单位是day；
为CA提供所需的目录及文件；
~]# mkdir  -pv  /etc/pki/CA/{certs,crl,newcerts}
~]# touch  /etc/pki/CA/{serial,index.txt}
~]# echo  01 > /etc/pki/CA/serial

(2)要用到证书进行安全通信的服务器，需要向CA请求签署证书

用到证书的主机生成私钥；
~]# mkdir  /etc/httpd/ssl 
~]# cd  /etc/httpd/ssl
~]# (umask  077; openssl  genrsa -out  /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key  2048)
生成证书签署请求
~]# openssl  req  -new  -key  /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key  -out /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.csr  -days  365
在CA主机上签署证书；
~]# openssl ca  -in  /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.csr  -out  /etc/pki/CA/certs/httpd.crt  -days  365

[root@localhost /]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf 
DocumentRoot "/data/html/b/"
ServerName www.b.com:443
SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.csr
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key

    Options None
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted